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CM Okeoma NB Williamson WE Pomroy KM Stowell LM Gillespie 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):364-370
AIM: To isolate Neospora caninum from the brains of naturally infected cattle and use molecular techniques to characterise the isolates. METHODS: Neospora caninum tachyzoites were isolated in Vero cell culture from the brains of a cow and two calves. The isolates were characterised using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, DNA sequencing, an immunofluorescent anti-body test (IFAT), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The brains of the three cattle were subjected to histopathological examination. A pathogenicity study was conducted in 120 BALB/c mice. RESULTS: Neospora caninum tachyzoites were isolated from all three cases and first observed in vitro between 14 and 17 days post-inoculation. Parasites were sub-cultured and maintained in Vero cell culture for more than 6 months. PCR products were generated for all three isolates, using two different primers. Sequencing of the PCR products and a subsequent BLAST search identified the isolates as N. caninum. In addition, the isolates tested positive using IFAT and IHC, and ultrastructure revealed by TEM was characteristic of N. caninum. Histopathological examination revealed lesions characteristic of N. caninum in 1/3 brains. In the pathogenicity study using BALB/c mice, the mortality rate was 3–7%. CONCLUSION: This was the first successful isolation of N. caninum in New Zealand confirmed using molecular characterisation tests. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Goldkamp CE Erb HN Scrivani PV Njaa BL Gieger TL Turek MM McNiel EA Proulx DR Chun R Mauldin GE Phillips BS Kristal O 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(3):401-406
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate factors associated with survival in dogs with nasal carcinomas that did not receive treatment or received only palliative treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 139 dogs with histologically confirmed nasal carcinomas. PROCEDURES: Medical records, computed tomography images, and biopsy specimens of nasal carcinomas were reviewed. Only dogs that were not treated with radiation, surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy and that survived > or = 7 days from the date of diagnosis were included. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival time. Factors potentially associated with survival were compared by use of log-rank and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Multivariable survival analysis was performed by use of the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: Overall median survival time was 95 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 73 to 113 days; range, 7 to 1,114 days). In dogs with epistaxis, the hazard of dying was 2.3 times that of dogs that did not have epistaxis. Median survival time of 107 dogs with epistaxis was 88 days (95% CI, 65 to 106 days) and that of 32 dogs without epistaxis was 224 days (95% CI, 54 to 467 days). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The prognosis of dogs with untreated nasal carcinomas is poor. Treatment strategies to improve outcome should be pursued. 相似文献
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K. M. Rassnick D. B. Bailey D. S. Russell A. B. Flory M. A. Kiselow J. L. Intile E. K. Malone C. E. Balkman S. M. Barnard 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2010,8(2):138-152
Safety and efficacy of a protocol of alternating 1‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐3‐cyclohexyl‐1‐nitrosourea (CCNU; 70 mg m?2) and vinblastine (3.5 mg m?2), and prednisone (1–2 mg kg?1; CVP) in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) were evaluated. A total of 17 dogs had nonresectable MCTs and 35 received CVP as adjunctive treatment to locoregional control of metastatic MCTs or grade III MCTs. Neutropenia with fever occurred in 8% of dogs after treatment with vinblastine and in 2% after treatment with CCNU. Persistent elevation of serum alanine transaminase, suggestive of hepatotoxicity, occurred in 9% of the dogs. Response rate in dogs with nonresectable MCTs was 65%; five achieved a complete response (median, 141 days) and six achieved a partial response (median, 66 days). Overall median progression‐free survival (PFS) time in dogs treated in the adjuvant setting was 489 days. Dogs with grade III MCTs had shorter PFS compared with dogs with metastatic grade II MCTs (190 days versus 954 days; P < 0.001). Phase III studies are needed to provide reliable information about the comparative efficacy of this protocol. 相似文献
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Northrup NC Selting KA Rassnick KM Kristal O O'Brien MG Dank G Dhaliwal RS Jagannatha S Cornell KK Gieger TL 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2006,42(5):350-360
Medical records of 42 cats treated with mandibulectomy for oral neoplasia at eight institutions were reviewed to determine morbidity, progression-free interval, and survival time. Progression-free and survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 56% and 49%, and 60% and 57%, respectively. Cats with squamous cell carcinoma had significantly shorter survival than cats with fibrosarcoma or osteosarcoma. Seventy-two percent of cats were dysphagic or inappetent immediately postoperatively, and 12% never regained the ability to eat. Despite acute morbidity in 98% and long-term morbidity in 76% of cats, 83% of the 30 owners providing information were satisfied with the outcome of mandibulectomy. 相似文献
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Williams LE Rassnick KM Power HT Lana SE Morrison-Collister KE Hansen K Johnson JL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(1):136-143
This retrospective study examined the use of CCNU (1-[2-chloroethyl]3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosurea) in 36 dogs with epitheliotropic lymphoma. Thirty-one (86%) dogs had the cutaneous form of disease, and 5 (14%) dogs had the oral form of disease. Nineteen (51%) dogs were treated with other chemotherapeutic agents before receiving CCNU. All dogs had detectable disease at the time CCNU therapy was initiated. Dogs received a median starting CCNU dosage of 70 mg/m2 (range, 50-100 mg/m2). The median number of treatments administered was 3 (range, 1-12 treatments). After the initial treatment, the CCNU dosage was adjusted in 9 of 26 (35%) dogs in which CCNU was continued: 7 had dosage reductions, and 2 had dosage escalations. Twenty-eight of 36 (78%) dogs had a measurable response to CCNU for a median duration of 106 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 75-182). Six dogs (17%) had a complete response, including 5 dogs with the cutaneous form and 1 dog with the oral form. Twenty-two dogs (61%) had a partial response, including 20 dogs with the cutaneous form and 2 dogs with the oral form, for a median duration of 88 days (95% CI, 62-170). Toxicoses after CCNU chemotherapy included myelosuppression in up to 29% of the dogs, gastrointestinal signs in up to 22% of the dogs, and liver enzyme activity increases in up to 86% of the dogs. This study demonstrates that CCNU chemotherapy can be considered a reasonable option for the treatment of canine epitheliotropic lymphoma in dogs. 相似文献
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Frimberger AE Moore AS Rassnick KM Cotter SM O'Sullivan JL Quesenberry PJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(2):355-364
Twenty-eight dogs with lymphoma were treated with a 12-week, 5-drug chemotherapy protocol concluding with high-dose cyclophosphamide supported by autologous bone marrow transplants. A dose escalation design was used to determine the maximum tolerated cyclophosphamide dose (MTD) in this setting. Three cyclophosphamide dose levels were given: 300 mg/ m2 IV (groupl, 3 dogs), 400 mg/m2 IV (group 2, 12 dogs), and 500 mg/m2 IV (group 3, 13 dogs); and the MTD was 500 mg/m2 IV. Toxicity was common but mild, and the dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, specifically neutropenia. No dog died as a result of treatment-related toxicity. One dog in group 3 developed fever, neutropenia, and presumed sepsis and responded promptly to routine management. No other dog required hospitalization. Lower stage and higher cyclophosphamide dose (both increasing dose [study groups 1-3], and the highest dose [group 3]) compared with the lower doses combined (groups 1 and 2) were significantly associated with longer remission duration (all P < .0001). Median remission duration for dogs in group 3 was 54 weeks, compared with 21 weeks for dogs in groups 1 and 2 combined. Factors associated with longer survival time were lower stage (P = .042) and higher cyclophosphamide dose (both increasing dose [study groups 1-3], and the highest dose [group 3] compared with the lower doses combined [groups 1 and 2]) (P = .027). Median survival time for dogs in group 3 was 139 weeks, compared with 43 weeks and 68 weeks for dogs in groups 1 and 2, respectively. 相似文献
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